Parentheses, Braces, and Brackets in Math

Youll come across many symbols in mathematics and arithmetic. In fact, the language of math is written in symbols, with some text inserted as needed for clarification. Three important—and related—symbols youll see often in math are parentheses, brackets, and braces, which youll encounter frequently in  prealgebra  and  algebra. Thats why its so important to understand the specific uses  of  these symbols in higher math. Using Parentheses ( ) Parentheses are used to group numbers or variables, or both. When you see a math problem containing parentheses, you need to use the order of operations to solve it. For example, take the problem: 9 - 5 à · (8 - 3) x 2 6 For this problem, you must calculate the operation within the parentheses first—even if its an operation that would normally come after the other operations in the problem. In this problem, the multiplication and division operations would normally come before subtraction (minus), however, since 8 - 3  falls within the parentheses, youd work out this part of the problem first. Once youve taken care of the calculation that falls within the parentheses, youd remove them.  In this case (8  -  3) becomes 5, so you would solve the problem as follows: 9 - 5  Ãƒ ·Ã‚  (8 - 3) x 2 6 9 - 5 à · 5 x 2 6 9 - 1  x  2 6 9 - 2 6 7 6 13 Note that per the order of operations, youd work whats in the parentheses first, next, calculate numbers with exponents, and then multiply and/or divide, and finally, add or subtract. Multiplication and division, as well as addition and subtraction, hold an equal place in the order of operations, so you work these from left to right. In the problem above, after taking care of the subtraction in the parentheses, you need to first divide 5 by 5, yielding  1;  then multiply 1 by 2, yielding  2;  then subtract  2  from  9, yielding  7;  and then add  7 and  6, yielding a final answer of 13. Parentheses Can Also Mean Multiplication In the problem: 3(2 5), the parentheses tell you to multiply. However, you wouldnt multiply until you complete the operation inside the parentheses—2 5—so you would solve the problem as follows: 3(2 5) 3(7) 21 Examples of Brackets [  ] Brackets are used after the parentheses to group numbers and variables as well. Typically, youd use the parentheses first, then brackets, followed by braces. Here is an example of a problem using brackets:   4 - 3[4 - 2(6 - 3)] à · 3 4 - 3[4 - 2(3)] à · 3 (Do the operation in the parentheses first; leave the parentheses.) 4 - 3[4 - 6] à · 3 (Do the operation in the brackets.) 4 - 3[-2] à · 3 (The bracket informs you to multiply the number within,  which is -3 x -2.) 4 6 à · 3 4 2 6 Examples of Braces { } Braces are also used to group numbers and variables. This example problem uses parentheses, brackets, and braces. Parentheses inside other parentheses (or brackets and braces) are also referred to as nested parentheses. Remember, when you have parentheses inside brackets and braces, or nested parentheses, always work from the inside out:   2{1 [4(2 1) 3]} 2{1 [4(3) 3]} 2{1 [12 3]} 2{1 [15]} 2{16} 32 Notes About Parentheses, Brackets, and Braces Parentheses, brackets, and braces are sometimes referred to as  round, square, and curly brackets, respectively. Braces are also used in sets, as in: {2, 3, 6, 8, 10...} When working with nested parentheses, the order will always be parentheses, brackets, braces, as follows: {[( )]}

The Harlem Renaissance An Intellectual Movement

As inferred by William Harmon, â€Å"the Harlem Renaissance was the first intellectual and artistic movement that brought African America to the attention of the entire nation†, as stated verbatim in A Handbook to Literature (Harmon 227). Accordingly, the Harlem Renaissance was an intellectual movement that was commenced to enrich men and women of color through expressive mediums such as in literature, art (both visually and dramatically), music, and knowledge of thyself; it was ultimately a reawakening for America and American life, notwithstanding, a person’s racial ethnicity, economic status, educational background, social statuses or any other dependent-factor that may weaken the parameters of our dreams and secrete our potential from our own eyes. In addition, it was a self-conscious movement, in which, brought forth and shed light on distinguished African American men and women who excelled in various fields of human endeavor in the educational, economic, and soci al fabric of America; and who also surpassed numerous racial boundaries to ameliorate the quality of life within America—not only for people of color, as many deplore the tendency to imply, but ultimately for the well-being of the general public. Although it is true that this social developmental movement had copious frontrunners who all puzzled in significant pieces for the advancement of this movement, one contributor, in particular, by the name of James Mercer Langston Hughes, utilized his emotional andShow MoreRelatedThe Harlem Renaissance : An African American Intellectual And Artistic Movement1329 Words   |  6 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance was an African-American intellectual and artistic movement centered in New York City in the late 1920’s and 1930’s (Hutchinson). It was part of the larger New Negro Movement, which was made possible by the Great Migration – a large exodus of about six million blacks out of the Southeastern United States to the M idwest, Northeast, and West that lasted from about 1915 to 1970 (Gross). The influence of the Harlem Renaissance was widespread and long-lasting, in part, becauseRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : A Literary, Artistic, Cultural And Intellectual Movement1485 Words   |  6 PagesTatiana Moore Mrs. Donald English III 26 March 2014 The Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance was a literary, artistic, cultural and intellectual movement. The word renaissance means rebirth or revival. African Americans during this time were being pressured by Jim Crow Laws in the South. These laws separated the races tremendously (Roses). African Americans appeared ignorant, poor, and servile. Hate groups and hate crimes alarmed families, and they collectively decided it was time to make aRead MoreHarlem Renaissance Essay1341 Words   |  6 Pagesduring the Renaissance was they had really short life there was no black people in it other than artists. Harlem Renaissance were first one to criticize black and white. 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At this time, African American artists used their talents to take advantage of this opportunity to make a better life for themselves, whileRead MoreExploring African American History : The Harlem Renaissance1521 Words   |  7 PagesTi’Anna Smith Period 1 AP World History 12-14-15 Exploring African American History: The Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance originally known as the New Negro Movement was an important part of African American culture and history, which helped African Americans express themselves and celebrate their heritage. Between the years of 1890-1920 close to two million African Americans traveled from the rural southern states to the northern cities. They traveled to these northern cities in hopesRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance with Langston Hughes1676 Words   |  7 PagesHarlem Renaissance with Langston Hughes The Harlem Renaissance brought about uniqueness amongst African Americans; everything was new. The visual art, the jazz music, fashion and literature took a cultural spin. During this time writer Langston Hughes seemed to outshine the rest with amazing works. The Harlem Renaissance brought about many great changes. It was a time for expressing the African American culture. It is variously known as the Harlem Renaissance, the Black Literary Renaissance

HIV Among Women in US and Indonesia for Health -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHIV Among Women in US and Indonesia for Community Health. Answer: HIV is considered to be the most threatening issue around the world. According to the 2015 UN report on HIV or AIDS, more than 36.9 million people were suffering with HIV in 2014 and almost 15.8 million people had undergone HIV treatment (Thomas Sharma, 2017). In this regards, the essay is going to discuss about the HIV related issues in United States and Indonesia. The vulnerable group in these two countries is Women. The reason behind choosing women specifically is that they are being identified as the most suffering element of the society. In United States the issue of HIV is very different in compare to Indonesia. In US, People who are suffering from mental illness or dealing with poor financial condition have the nature to get infected by HIV. Empirical evidences also prove that intimate partner violence is also a key factor for increasing the rate of HIV in America. In compare to that, Indonesia is considered to be one of AIDS ridden country where HIV becomes an epidemic. In f act, 12% Indonesian female workers become infected by AIDS (Janssen et al., 2016). Furthermore, adequate health policies provided by the government are not adequate to eradicate such issues. The purpose of this essay is to figure out some key determinants regarding HIV among women and draw a comparison between US and Indonesia. Therefore, the essay will conduct a deep study on the various determinants of AIDS in US and Indonesia and women will be the focal point of the discussion. In order to do that, at first the present situation in both the countries with risk factors will be highlighted. Then the discussion will continue with analysing two major social determinants both the countries. After that, the essay will be ended with an overview of the topic. HIV in Indonesia is increasing in a rapid pace that in 2012 the Ministry of Health accounted a total number of over 5 lakh adults and children were suffering from AIDS (Demartoto, Zunariyah Soemanto, 2016). One of the reasons behind this epidemic is the growing number of female sex workers across the country. Therefore, sexually transmitted infections are considered to be high risk factor for HIV. It has a trend to affect the general population as well. Besides this, health care facilities in Indonesia are regarded inadequate and inefficient to prevent the spread of HIV. In US, the situation is different. Basically as a developed country the health care facilities are satisfactory for HIV preventions. Nevertheless, the 2002s report provided by the US government reflects that more than 16 thousand people were died due to HIV. Environment plays a big role in US for increasing the rate of HIV infected people (McKinney Marconi, 2016). In America, about 25% of HIV disease has been cause d by using drug injections. Among the women HIV patients black women account nearly two third of the total and between the age of 25 to 44 women are amounted 29% among them (Hatcher et al., 2015). The proportion of drug related cases among HIV infected women is 25% to 35% (Auerbach et al., 2015). The indigenous women are also became a victim of using drug injections. Poor economy can be considered as the protagonist of this increasing threat. Past researches had proved that homeless people and Hispanic American have a trend to use contaminated needles and as a result of that it enhances the chances to get infected by HIV diseases (Raj et al, 2016). Moreover, sexual intimacy and unsafeness heighten the scope of AIDS infection. It can be stated that sexuality always plays a key factor causing HIV related diseases. In response to that, in Indonesia more than 6 thousand people are died because of HIV and AIDS. In fact, the female sex workers in Indonesia contributed 38.50% in the total AIDS epidemics (Tromp et al., 2018). In the country, most of the husbands are often change their sex partners and get infected with HIV. Therefore, for housewives there is a high chance of possibility to become a HIV patient. Furthermore, the percentage of HIV patients among female sex workers in Indonesia had increased at a rapid pace that the report shows that in 1997-1999 the rate of female patient was 0.8% which was escalated in 2000-2001 at a percentage of 29.7% (Wilson Taaffe, 2017). The global index also proves that female sex workers are at high risk to affect by HIV virus. On the contrary, US witness a slow but steady growth of HIV patient rate. In US, intimacy with sex workers particularly with women sex workers is very common and in most of the cases they use protection for having sex. Despite of all the protections the US people take, the number of HIV patients has been increased indiscriminately. The primary reason behind this fatal growth is maximum use of drug injections. Due to desperate practice of injecting drugs, the number of HIV patients is escalated from 7% in 1986 to 26% in 2000 (Hatcher et al., 2015). Moreover, in most of the cases African-American women become the victim of AIDS. 63% of the women AIDS patients are considered to be of African-American region (Theall et al. 2916). Besides this, heterosexual contacts are also responsible to heighten the number of women HIV patient further. Empirical studies also point out diverse demographic trends where it is being found that homeless women are also suffering with HIV. The next determinant which can influence the rate of AIDS is related to health care. It is important to understand that serious health diseases like AIDS require a great deal of health supervision. Therefore, taking care of the HIV patients is pivotal to restrain the infection. In Indonesia, the government is trying to regulate some measures combating the epidemic of AIDS. In Surakarta the local government introduced a number of strategies like Prevention-of-mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) (Demartoto, Zunariyah Soemanto, 2016). Moreover, voluntary counselling and testing campaigns are also helping to curb down the AIDS patient rate. Despite of all the government measures it has to be keeping in mind that all the government initiatives are primarily based on the urban communities. There is no measure that has been taken for social workers and poor women of the society. Recently, the Indonesian government increases the HIV spending by 29% in 2013 (Janssen et al., 2016). The government spending will not be able to prevent further HIV epidemics. It requires a proper infrastructure and campaigns to make the people aware of adverse impact of HIV and importance of using protections during intimacy. In America, there are plenty of medical institutions and government hospitals who are dedicated to provide services to every American HIV patients. Nonetheless, in reality lack of government monitoring policy the government facilities do not play their role efficiently. Racial discrimination is always proved to be an essential source of providing facilities to all. Most of the studies and newspaper articles ventilate their concern against the inequality in health care facilities. Besides this, the cost of getting better health care service is out of the reach of homeless people which further intensifies the situation (Herndon et al., 2016). From the above discussion, it is cleared that although in Indonesia and USA the scenario of AIDS is very different and the reason behind the growing trend if HIV in respective country is also not the same, but in both the cases there is a similar issue that inadequate government policy becomes an obstacle for combating HIV related diseases. Hence, the primary measure that can be derived that efficient government policy and health care facility is required for AIDS patients. Besides this, it is also important to organise government campaigns for making people aware of the easy prevention of AIDS. As a matter of fact, in the developing countries there is a social stigma against HIV patients which is not right at all. It is the responsibility of the government to identify those threats and take necessary steps to solve the problems. Rigorous campaigns and advertisement can be a best option for this. In addition to this, the government also puts emphasis on the cost redemption for the poor patients. It is true that the HIV treatment is very costly in both US and Indonesia. The poor and the homeless people are not in a position to pursue such an expensive treatment. Therefore, the government should intervene in this matter and take some adequate steps which will be beneficial for the poor people (Pendse, et al. 2016). The essay is trying to point out various aspects of HIV disease and its impact on human society. Subsequently, the essay puts focus on a specific vulnerable group. Women are considered to be a high risk group and therefore the essay will emphasis on the relationship between women and AIDS. In this regards, there countries mentioned in the essay, US and Indonesia, have a different kind of scenario which is helpful to address all the related factors. In a sober conclusion, it can be concluded that women across the world are very much affected by AIDS and hence it is the responsibility of the respective government to provide health care services for all and remove the social stigmas so that the world will be better place to live. Reference Auerbach, J. D., Kinsky, S., Brown, G., Charles, V. (2015). Knowledge, attitudes, and likelihood of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among US women at risk of acquiring HIV.AIDS patient care and STDs,29(2), 102-110. Demartoto, A., Zunariyah, S., Soemanto, R. B. (2016). The accessibility of HIV-infected Poor Women to the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission Service in Surakarta Indonesia.Indian Journal of Community Health,28(4), 317-323. Hatcher, A. M., Smout, E. M., Turan, J. M., Christofides, N., Stckl, H. (2015). Intimate partner violence and engagement in HIV care and treatment among women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Aids,29(16), 2183-2194. Herndon, B., Asch, S. M., Kilbourne, A. M., Wang, M., Lee, M., Wenzel, S. L., ... Gelberg, L. (2016). Prevalence and predictors of HIV testing among a probability sample of homeless women in Los Angeles County.Public Health Reports. Janssen, J. L. C., Siregar, A. Y. M., Tromp, N., Baltussen, R. (2016). Cost Analysis of Sexual Transmitted Infection Services for High Risk Groups in Indonesia. McKinney, M. M., Marconi, K. M. (2016). Delivering HIV Services to Vulnerable Populations: A Review of CARE ActFunded Research.Public Health Reports. Pendse, R., Gupta, S., Yu, D., Sarkar, S. (2016). HIV/AIDS in the South-East Asia region: progress and challenges.Journal of virus eradication,2(Suppl 4), 1. Raj, A., Amaro, H., Cranston, K., Martin, B., Cabral, H., Navarro, A., Conron, K. (2016). Is a general women's health promotion program as effective as an HIV-intensive prevention program in reducing HIV risk among Hispanic women?.Public Health Reports. Theall, K. P., Sterk, C. E., Elifson, K. W., Kidder, D. (2016). Factors associated with positive HIV serostatus among women who use drugs: continued evidence for expanding factors of influence.Public Health Reports. Thomas, G., Sharma, M. C. (2017). Unit-1 Global and National Scenario of HIV and AIDS. Tromp, N., Prawiranegara, R., Siregar, A., Wisaksana, R., Pinxten, L., Pinxten, J., ... Maurits, S. (2018). Translating international HIV treatment guidelines into local priorities in Indonesia.Tropical Medicine International Health. Wilson, D. P., Taaffe, J. (2017). Tailoring the Local HIV/AIDS Response to the Local HIV/AIDS Epidemic.Disease Control Priorities.